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Belated Mexico: The Yucatan Endemics



Prior to beginning this blog, I had embarked on a swing from the Yucatan to Chiapas in southeastern Mexico in late March and early April 2025. I was joined by Paul Thompson. Paul recently got round to curating his best photos from the trip and sent them to me, so I decided a few blog posts were in order.

Having made several trips to this area already, especially to the Yucatan itself, I had a limited number of target species. Top priority was to get good looks at Yucatan and Tawny-collared Nightjars, which I had only heard previously, and to see the recently split Yucatan Gnatcatcher. After that there were a number of rainforest species I had failed to see on my previous trip into eastern Chiapas, along with a few north American migrants and wetland birds. Paul, of course, needed a lot more species, including all the Yucatan endemics and many migrants. I planned out a trip of almost three weeks to give us a good chance at everything, although this did not include a trip to Cozumel.

The initial part of our itinerary had us staying for three nights about 20 KM inland from Puerto Morelos along the Camino de Cenotes. This was an area that I had found productive for many Yucatan species some 17 years ago on my first visit to the area. The plan was just to drive around looking for tracks into the thorn forest and then bird along them.

Yellow-lored Parrot

Green-backed Sparrow

Our hotel was located in thorn forest and we had Turquoise-browed Motmot, Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl and Keel-billed Toucans in the hotel compound. Checking the nearby tracks on the first morning added our first Yucatan endemics such as Green-backed Sparrow, Rose-throated Tanager and Yucatan Flycatcher. I was particularly glad we were able to quickly get good looks at Yellow-lored Parrots (formerly Yucatan Parrot) as it can be difficult to get satisfactory perched looks at any parrot. In addition, we were able to snag a few resident and migrant species that Paul had missed in Oaxaca: Hooded Warbler, Wedge-tailed Sabrewing and Green Jay.

Rose-throated Tanager

In the afternoon and early evening, birding along a couple of tracks further up the road added Yucatan Woodpecker and Mangrove Vireo (not strictly confined to the Yucatan but much easier here) to the endemic list. Many other interesting resident species included White-fronted Parrot (Amazon), Scrub and Yellow-throated Euphonias, N. Tropical Pewee, Blue Bunting and Black-crowned Tityra, while additional migrants to the list were Palm and Yellow-throated Warblers, Yellow-throated Vireo and a surprise Olive-sided Flycatcher. We failed to hear any caprimulgids calling and this turned out to be an unwanted feature of much of the trip.

Mangrove Vireo

Yucatan Woodpecker

The next morning, we got close to a Middle American Screech Owl by the hotel but could not see it. We headed back to the track we had birded the previous afternoon and struck Black Catbird and Orange Oriole off the endemic targets list, with excellent looks at both. We also made a concerted effort to see the different hummingbirds, which were most easily attracted by mobbing calls. We saw Wedge-tailed Sabrewing, Canivet’s and White-bellied Emeralds and Buff-bellied Hummingbird. In addition, we made sure we saw the endemic local race of Carolina Wren – White-browed Wren. Typical resident species included Gartered (formerly Violaceous) and Black-headed Trogons, Collared Aracari, Blue Bunting, and both Black-headed and Cinnamon-bellied (formerly Grayish) Saltators. Many Mexican raptors species are difficult to see so a Crane Hawk was very welcome and we were surprised to get a brief look at a Swallow-tailed Kite.

Orange Oriole

Black Catbird

In the afternoon, we paid a visit to a cenote, since Paul had not seen one. Birding around there added another endemic, a Yucatan Vireo, which can be a bit tricky as it is largely confined to the immediate coast, which we were not planning to visit until the last day or so of the trip. We also lucked into an ant-swarm that provided Paul’s first ever Tawny-winged and Ruddy Woodcreepers. A further stop around an opening in the forest, again aiming for caprimulgids, produced our only Caribbean Dove of the trip, but no nightjars.

Cenote

Tawny-winged Woodcreeper

Although we had seen plenty of Brown and Green Jays, we had yet to encounter a Yucatan Jay. On our third and final morning we headed down to a forest reserve that appeared to have a lot of records of this species, although I wasn't sure we would be able to access the reserve. My access fears were confirmed, but the reserve workers were having breakfast, and it turned out that the local Yucatan Jays made a habitat of being around to cash-in! We saw at least half-a-dozen. A nearby track had some flowering trees that proved great for orioles. As well as the expected Hooded, Altamira, Orange and Black-cowled Orioles, we had our first Yellow-tailed Orioles of the trip – a species I more typically associate with floodplains. We also finally added the Mexican endemic White-bellied Wren, which was new for Paul.

Yucatan Jay

After finishing up around the Camino de Cenotes, we then headed up to Rio Lagartos on the north coast of the Yucatan, where several localized endemics may be found. Of greatest importance, the Yucatan Nightjar could be reliably seen by taking boats out into the mangroves. We arranged the boat trip with a local guide – William Canto – and we also hired him for the following morning. William is a very active and knowledgeable local birder and speaks good English. I would highly recommend him. It’s most effective to contact him and other Mexican bird guides via Whatsapp.

American Flamingo

It was quite windy as we headed out on the boat, which caused some concerns about seeing the nightjars. We started in daylight and made an effort to see rails. We had quick looks at one or two Clapper Rails and likely a fleeting glimpse of a Rufous-necked Wood-Rail. We also saw a number of American Flamingoes, for which the area is famous. A surprise find was a small flock of Pectoral Sandpipers out in the tidal lagoon, the first time William had ever seen them in such atypical habitat. After waiting until dark, we began the return trip, scanning the mangroves at either side of the channel for ‘eye-shine’. After an anxious period, we finally located a perched bird, but it flew off as we approached for a better look. Fortunately, shortly afterwards we found another bird that was much more cooperative. It was a male and we could see the extensive white on the underside of the closed tail (due to the large white tail spots on the outer tail feathers) that is diagnostic of the species.

Yucatan Nightjar

The next morning, we began by looking for Yucatan or Black-throated Bobwhite. After just hearing a few, we got good looks at a covey and quickly found some Yucatan Wrens after that. A Laughing Falcon and some Lesser Yellow-headed Vultures were nice additions to the day list and exploration of some drying up wetlands yielded four Russet-naped Wood-Rails, a target species for Paul, but no Glossy Ibis, which I needed for Mexico.

Black-throated Bobwhite

Mexican Sheartail

We then headed into town to visit some hummingbird feeders, where the endemic Mexican Sheartail was easily seen very well, along with some Cinnamon Hummingbirds. A second attempt for better looks at Clapper Rail was successful. After that, we said goodbye to William and headed east towards Progreso.

After checking into our hotel, we drove out to find some low scrub along the coastal strip, which is the habitat for Yucatan Gnatcatcher. Looking at the amount of development happening along the coast, I suspect the outlook for this species may not be too cheery. We found four gnatcatchers without too much effort and had very good looks, along with more Yucatan Wrens. An added bonus was Paul’s first Painted Bunting, a species he had missed earlier in the day.

Yucatan Gnatcatcher

Yucatan Wren

By late morning, we had begun the long drive to Calakmul. The spectacular ruins here are set in an extensive Biosphere reserve and the only place to easily see Ocellated Turkey. As we entered the reserve, I was stunned to find a brand-new railway station with a road overpass. It transpired this was part of the “Tren Maya” project. Part of this project included a hotel close to ruins, some 40 KM down the road. Unfortunately, this hotel can be booked as part of a package with train travel. Furthermore, at the time of our visit, one had to be a Mexican national to book one of these packages. From our perspective, the new hotel was a definite negative as there was a regular procession of water tankers driving along the road to supply the hotel. Since there are no other hotels within 30 KM of the start of the entrance road, we had to be content with the campsite near the start of the entrance road. Large tents with beds and mosquito nets were provided but the washing and bathroom facilities were distinctly basic.

Northern Potoo

I had had good luck hearing Yucatan Poorwills (and distant Yucatan Nightjars) on my previous visit in December a few years and was expecting these species to be very vocal in late March. However, that proved to be far from case, with virtually no birds calling spontaneously and few calling in response to playback. Over several sessions of night birding, the only success was a well-seen and heard Northern Potoo – a lifer for Paul.  More frustrating were heard-only Black-and-White and Middle American Screech Owls, Yucatan Nightjar and Poorwill.

Ocellated Turkey

The first morning, we made an early start to make sure we were one of the few cars on the road into the ruins. We were soon having great looks at Ocellated Turkeys, with one launching an attack on the car, presumably seeing its reflection on part of it. We eventually got a look at a Great Currasow, which are much shyer than the turkey.

Barred Forest-Falcon

One bird I was hoping to finally actually see, rather than just see, was Barred Forest-Falcon. On the drive in, I was surprised to hear one calling from right by the road. Even more surprisingly, Paul was able to see it from the car window when we stopped. I was able to get so-so views with some contortions but eventually got much better looks by getting out of the car and using playback to bring the bird back into view.

Mayan Ant-thrush

The ruins themselves were fairly quiet bird-wise, but use of playback secured nice looks at Mayan Ant-thrush and Barred Woodcreeper, while Great Crested Flycatcher and Wood Thrush were new birds for Paul. Ant-thrushes are one of the few deep jungle birds I really like. We clambered up to the top of one of the highest pyramids to do a raptor watch. Other than the common two vultures, we saw none, although Purple Martins provided another lifer for Paul.

Calakmul: Looking down from a pyramid

Returning back towards the campsite, we turned up a bunch of migrants but little else. However, prior to our night-birding session, we were able to get good looks at a Gray-breasted Chat – the last of the Yucatan endemics we needed, although we had only heard the Poorwill.

The next morning, we hiked out along a trail about 10 KM south from our campsite. Birding was slow but we eventually found an ant swarm that had a nice Ruddy Woodcreeper, along with a Bright-rumped Atilla, Rose-throated Tanagers, a Stub-tailed Spadebill and a couple of Smoky-brown Woodpeckers.

Ruddy Woodcreeper

Although we were due to spend another night at the campsite, the generally ho-hum birding made us decide to head out early to spend more time in the Usumacinta floodplain.

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